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Programming

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• Program = Data Structures + Algorithm
  
  

  Data Structures

  constructs used to represent data types that are appropriate for a particular problem e.g. int, array, link list
  

  Algorithm

  is a sequence of logical steps required to perform a task e.g. sorting Here is an algorithm to solve the problem of changing a flat tire. Or the algorithm to solve SliderPuzzle Game

  
  
  
• Analysis and Design

  Making the right decision

  Decision Table and Flow Chart
  
  

  Structure thought process

  systematic; step-wise refinement; divide and conquer; and (pseudo code)
  
  

  Unified Modeling Language OOD diagrams:

  1. Class
  2. Object
  3. Component
  4. Deployment
  5. Satechart
  6. Activity
  7. Collaboration
  8. Sequence
  9. Use Case

  
  
  
• Programming Language/Compiler is only a tool
  
  
• Language translation
  
  

  the compilation process
  
  
  source code -> compiler -> assembly code -> assembler -> machine code
  
  

  have syntax (form) and semantics (meaning)
  
  

  Natural language	add 5 to the variable cnt
  Java/C/C++ language	cnt = cnt + 5;
  Assembly language	LDA CNT;ADDA#5;STA CNT
  Machine language	B62000;8B05;B72000

  
  

  Command Mode Environment

  J2SDK under MS Windows and Unix
  
  

  Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

  MS Visual J++, Symantec's Visual Cafe, Borland's JBuilder, IBM's Visual Age, and Eclipse

  
  
• The Programming Process
  • Defining the problem (exact requirements of the task i.e. input, process, output, error handling).
  • Outlining the solution (stepwise refinement).
  • Selecting/representing algorithm (pseudocode or flowchart).
  • Coding (transforming an algorithm into a program).
  • Debugging ( syntax and logic/semantic error).
  • Testing and validation (program correctness).
  • Documentation ( a continuous process).
  • Maintenance (change and enhancement of program).

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