• syntax

  IfThenStatement:
  
  	if ( Expression ) Statement
  
  IfThenElseStatement:
  
  	if ( Expression ) StatementNoShortIf else Statement
  
  IfThenElseStatementNoShortIf:
  
  	if ( Expression ) StatementNoShortIf else StatementNoShortIf
  

  The Expression must have type boolean, or a compile-time error occurs.
• semantic
  conditional choice of two statements, executing one or the other but not both
  The "dangling else" problem

  if (door.isOpen())
  	if (resident.isVisible())
  		resident.greet("Hello!");
  else door.bell.ring();

  Statement:
  
  	StatementWithoutTrailingSubstatement
  
  	LabeledStatement
  
  	IfThenStatement
  
  	IfThenElseStatement
  
  	WhileStatement
  
  	ForStatement
  
  StatementNoShortIf:
  
  	StatementWithoutTrailingSubstatement
  
  	LabeledStatementNoShortIf
  
  	IfThenElseStatementNoShortIf
  
  	WhileStatementNoShortIf
  
  	ForStatementNoShortIf
  
  StatementWithoutTrailingSubstatement:
  
  	Block
  
  	EmptyStatement
  
  	ExpressionStatement
  
  	SwitchStatement
  
  	DoStatement
  
  	BreakStatement
  
  	ContinueStatement
  
  	ReturnStatement
  
  	SynchronizedStatement
  
  	ThrowStatement
  
  	TryStatement
  

• syntax

  WhileStatement:
  
  	while ( Expression ) Statement
  
  WhileStatementNoShortIf:
  
  	while ( Expression ) StatementNoShortIf
  

  DoStatement:
  
  	do Statement while ( Expression ) ;
  

• semantic
  The while & do statement executes an Expression and a Statement repeatedly until the value of the Expression is false.

• syntax

  ForStatement:
  
  	for ( ForInitopt ; Expressionopt ; ForUpdateopt )
  
  		Statement
  
  ForStatementNoShortIf:
  
  	for ( ForInitopt ; Expressionopt ; ForUpdateopt )
  
  		StatementNoShortIf
  
  ForInit:
  
  	StatementExpressionList
  
  	LocalVariableDeclaration
  
  ForUpdate:
  
  	StatementExpressionList
  
  StatementExpressionList:
  
  	StatementExpression
  
  	StatementExpressionList , StatementExpression
  

• semantic
  The for statement executes some initialization code, then executes an Expression, a Statement, and some update code repeatedly until the value of the Expression is false.

  for ( expr1; expr2; expr3 ) 
      statement1; 
  nextStatement; 
  
  Is equivalent to 
  expr1; 
  while expr2 { 
  			statement1; 
  			expr3; } 
  nextStatement;

• syntax

  ReturnStatement:
  
  	return Expressionopt ;
  

• semantic
  returns control to the invoker of a method or constructor

ExpressionStatement:

	StatementExpression ;

StatementExpression:

	Assignment

	PreIncrementExpression

	PreDecrementExpression

	PostIncrementExpression

	PostDecrementExpression

	MethodInvocation

	ClassInstanceCreationExpression